National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce

Fresh Snow and Temperature Outlook Ahead of Christmas Day

If you are looking for fresh snow by Christmas morning or are curious about potential travel disruptions, the best chances for at least 1" of new snowfall early this week exist across the mountainous West, Great Lakes, and Northeast. Otherwise, temperatures this last full week of December will average above normal for much of the lower 48 states. Read More >

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Tornado Track Map for Craig County, OK
 
Craig County, OK Tornadoes Prior to 1950
# Date Time
(CST)
Path
Length
(miles)
Path
Width
(yards)
F-Scale Killed Injured County Path
  04/25/1904   70 440   4 30 Tulsa/ Rogers/ Craig/ Mayes/ Delaware/ Ottawa Near Broken Arrow - Inola - near Ketchum - near Chouteau - near Afton - near Fairland
  03/30/1938 1050 s n   0 2 Craig NE corner - into KS
  04/10/1944 1330 16     0 0 Craig unrecorded
  04/30/1944 1300 5 100   0 0 Craig 3 S Welch
  05/01/1948 2115 35 75   4 200 Rogers/ Craig/ Delaware S of White Oak - near Bernice - near Grove
  03/30/1949 0730       0 0 Craig 12 W Vinita
  05/19/1949 0020   440   0 1 Craig Near Hollow
  05/21/1949 0107 18 200   0 0 Rogers/ Craig 5 N Claremore - Chelsea - "Estella" (8 NW Vinita)
  05/21/1949 0110 3 200   0 0 Craig Near White Oak
  05/21/1949 0110 s 100   0 0 Craig Vinita
  05/21/1949 0110 s 100   0 0 Craig S of Vinita
  05/21/1949 0107 s 100   0 0 Craig Near Big Cabin
Craig County, OK Tornadoes (1950-Present*)
# Date Time
(CST)
Path
Length
(miles)
Path
Width
(yards)
F-Scale Killed Injured County Path
1 09/09/1951 1620 2 67 F2 0 0 Craig/ Delaware S of Vinita (at Ironside school); near Cleora
2 03/24/1954 2218 6 50 F2 0 0 Mayes/ Craig/ Delaware W of Pensacola - western Delaware county near Grand Lake
3 05/20/1957 2300 0.1 10 F1 0 0 Craig W of Centralia
4 05/20/1957 2300 0.1 10 F1 0 0 Craig NE of Vinita
5 07/11/1958 2200 0.1 10 F? 0 0 Nowata/ Craig E of Lenapah - N of Welch
6 11/16/1958 1500 0.2 10 F? 0 0 Craig Near Hollow
7 11/17/1958 1120 4 127 F1 0 0 Craig Near Hollow
8 04/17/1959 1835 1 300 F1 0 0 Craig Near White Oak
9 05/09/1959 2145 0.1 10 F0 0 0 Craig 5 N Vinita
10 09/27/1959 1800 20 440 F4 1 1 Craig OK/ Labette KS S of Hollow OK- SW of Chetopa KS- 3 SE Oswego KS [No fatalities or injures in Oklahoma]
11 02/09/1960 1545 0.3 10 F1 0 0 Craig 7 NW Welch
12 04/16/1960 2130 1 100 F1 0 0 Craig Near Banzet
13 04/16/1960 2215 4 200 F2 0 2 Craig 3 NW Big Cabin
14 05/05/1960 1830 37 500 F2 0 2 Craig/ Ottawa E of Vinita - near I-44 at Missouri State Line
15 05/07/1961 2105 9 400 F3 0 1 Craig W and N of Bluejacket
16 05/15/1965 1500 0.1 10 F0 0 0 Craig Bluejacket
17 01/25/1967 2220 36 10 F2 0 2 Rogers/ Mayes/ Craig N of Claremore - 1 E Vinita
18 06/23/1969 2200 1.5 10 F1 0 0 Craig 11 N Vinita
19 06/11/1970 1900 15 150 F2 1 1 Craig Vinita - Welch
20 09/03/1970 2030 0.1 10 F1 0 0 Craig 3 N Welch
21 12/29/1972 2315 31 30 F2 0 0 Mayes/ Craig/ Delaware/ Ottawa 2 S Ketchum - 9 E Miami [not continuous]
22 03/28/1973 1640 28 33 F1 0 0 Craig/ Ottawa 15 W Welch - near Miami
23 04/21/1973 2000 0.1 120 F1 0 0 Craig Near Ketchum
24 04/21/1973 2040 5 40 F1 0 0 Craig/ Ottawa 5 E Vinita - 1 SW Afton
25 09/24/1973 1840 21 100 F3 0 14 Craig/ Ottawa 2 NE Vinita - SE edge of Miami
26 06/08/1974 1750 64 100 F3 2 80 Tulsa/ Rogers/ Mayes/ Craig W of Tulsa - Tulsa - near Big Cabin
27 06/08/1974 2130 4 100 F2 0 0 Craig/ Delaware near Ketchum - near Grove
28 04/24/1975 1800 5 77 F2 0 3 Craig/ Ottawa 2 NE Bluejacket - 5 SW Miami
29 04/07/1980 1650 25 440 F3 0 4 Mayes/ Craig/ Delaware/ Ottawa 4 N Pensacola - near Bernice - southern Ottawa County
30 12/24/1982 0940 0.5 50 F1 0 10 Craig Near Ketchum
31 03/26/1983 1330 1 50 F2 0 1 Craig Centralia
32 03/26/1983 1400 0.3 30 F1 0 0 Craig 4 NW Welch
33 04/29/1983 1930 0.1 50 F0 0 0 Craig 20 NE Vinita
34 11/15/1987 1254 1.5 50 F2 0 1 Craig 1 NW Vinita
35 06/21/1990 1528 0.5 73 F1 0 0 Craig 2 SE Centralia
36 07/24/1994 1546 0.1 30 F0 0 0 Craig 15 WNW Vinita
37 07/24/1994 1550 0.1 30 F0 0 0 Craig 10 NW White Oak
38 05/26/1996 1838-1930 30 880 F2 0 1 Rogers/ Nowata/ Craig 1 NW Talala- 8 N Centralia
39 05/04/2003 1624-1630 3 200 F0 0 0 Craig 12 WNW - 9 NW Vinita
40 04/06/2006 1805-1822 12 40 F1 0 12 Craig OK/ Labette KS/ Cherokee KS 10 NW Welch OK - 3 S Faulkner KS [F0 and no injuries in Oklahoma]
41 05/10/2008 1620-1755 76 1760 EF4 21 200 Craig OK/ Ottawa OK/ Newton MO/ Barry MO 9 NNW Welch OK - Picher OK - Quapaw OK - Granby MO - Newtonia MO - Purdy MO - 0.2 WSW McDowell MO [6 fatalities and 150 injuries in Oklahoma]
42 04/09/2009 1703-1708 2 100 EF0 0 0 Craig 3.5 ESE - 4.5 ENE Vinita
43 04/30/2012 2105-2106 1 75 EF0 0 0 Craig 10 N - 10.5 N Centralia
44 05/01/2012 0030-0032 1 150 EF2 0 1 Craig 1 N - 2 NE Welch
45 09/01/2014 1841 0.2 50 EF0 0 0 Craig 4 N Welch
46 04/02/2015 2059-2119 12 800 EF1 0 1 Craig/ Ottawa/ Delaware 5.5 NE Vinita - 3.5 NE Bernice
47 05/16/2015 2324-2329 5 550 EF1 0 0 Craig/ Delaware 2.5 NNE Ketchum - 2 NNE Cleora
48 03/30/2016 1918-1923 3 100 EF0 0 0 Craig 3 NE - 5 NE Centralia
49 04/26/2016 2216-2226 10 500 EF0 0 0 Craig 9 WNW Vinita - 5.5 SW Bluejacket
50 04/30/2019 1515-1528 6.3 800 EF1 0 0 Craig/ Ottawa 1.6 N Bluejacket - 5.2 WSW Miami
51 05/22/2019 1744-1753 5.1 350 EF1 0 0 Craig 10 W - 6 WNW Bluejacket
52 05/22/2019 1759-1801 1.5 150 EF1 0 0 Craig 3.5 SW - 2 SW Welch
53 05/22/2019 2339-2340 0.5 150 EF0 0 0 Craig 4 SE Vinita
54 05/22/2019 2348-2400 8.6 1100 EF1 0 0 Craig/ Delaware 4.8 N Ketchum - 3.3 N Bernice
 

Significant Tornadoes in Craig County

  Date Time
(CST)
Path
Length
(miles)
Path
Width
(yards)
F-Scale Killed Injured County Path
  09/27/1959 1800 20 440 F4 1
(0)
1
(0)
Craig/ Labette KS S of Hollow- SW of Chetopa KS- 3 SE Oswego KS

This violent tornado moved slowly to the north-northeast through mostly open country from just south of Hollow to across the state line into Kansas, southwest of Chetopa. However, one motel was destroyed in Oklahoma. Five farms were torn apart in southeast of Oswego, KS and where F4 damage was documented at 3 of the farms. Hail up to 1.25 inches in diameter fell over an area 7 miles long and 3 miles wide north of Welch to the Kansas border. Unfortunately, 1 person was killed and another was injured in Kansas as the tornado moved through Labette and Cherokee counties.

  04/16/1960 2215 4 200 F2 0 2 Craig 3 NW Big Cabin

A tornado moved northeastward across four farmsteads 3 miles northwest of Big Cabin in Craig County, causing considerable damage to buildings at these locations. The injuries resulted from two people being hit by flying glass in one home.

  05/05/1960 1830 37 500 F2 0 2 Craig/ Ottawa E of Vinita - near I-44 at Missouri State Line

A tornado moved northeastward and cut a swath of destruction from just east of Vinita in Craig County, to northwest of Afton, southeast of Miami, and near the Oklahoma/Missouri state line at the Will Rogers turnpike (U.S. Interstate Highway I-44) gate where it dissipated in Ottawa County. Many farmsteads were destroyed along the tornado's path. One farmer estimated a loss of $70,000 to a new brick home, outbuildings, a car, a truck, machinery, livestock, etc. Two truckloads of boats were destroyed on U.S. Interstate Highway I-44 northeast of Vinita. The truck drivers were slightly injured and the loss to the boats, etc. was estimated at $91,000. The approach of the storm was visible and most people were able to reach storm shelters. Hail up to 1.5 inches in diameter caused widespread crop and property damage over the southern half of Ottawa County.

  05/07/1961 2105 9 400 F3 0 1 Craig W and N of Bluejacket

A tornado moved east-northeastward and destroyed or damaged at least 14 farmsteads west and north of Bluejacket in Craig County. One man was injured when his mobile home was demolished. Utility lines and poles as well as numerous trees were heavily damaged. Hail up to 0.75 inches was reported in Ottawa County.

  01/25/1967 2220 36 10 F2 0 2 Rogers/ Mayes/ Craig N of Claremore - 1 E Vinita

A line of severe thunderstorms moved southeastward across northeastern Oklahoma during the late evening of January 25th, providing a swath of scattered damage from northern Tulsa County to the southwest quadrant of Ottawa County. A tornado was sighted in the Sequoyah area north of Claremore in Rogers County at 10:20 pm CST where a mobile home and 2 barns were demolished, a horse trailer damaged, and multiple fences cluttered with wads of sheet metal roofing and siding material. This tornado was again spotted at Foyil in Rogers County at about 10:30 pm CST where a new cement block post office was destroyed and several homes were twisted off of their foundations. The loss of power poles in the Foyil area caused the city of Claremore to be without power all night.

Several homes, outbuildings, and barns along OK State Highway 28, south of Chelsea in Rogers County, were also damaged or destroyed. Near Big Cabin, in Craig County, the storm left a "mile of hog wire" jammed in the high utility lines and downed 24 utility poles 6 miles south of Vinita. A semi-truck driver was injured 1 mile east of Vinita when his truck was toppled by the tornadic winds on U.S. Interstate Highway I-44.

  06/11/1970 1900 15 150 F2 1* 1 Craig Vinita - Welch

A tornado moved north-northeastward and struck the south edge of Vinita at 7:00 pm CST, and damaged at least 12 houses. The tornado crossed Will Rogers turnpike (U.S. Interstate Highway I-44) at Vinita where a pickup truck and a semi-trailer truck were overturned. The tornado continued on to the town of Welch at 7:20 pm CST where numerous trees were uprooted and several businesses were damaged. The tornado then destroyed 3 barns northeast of Welch before dissipating. One man died of a heart attack (indirect death) while trying to escape the storm by taking refuge at the Vinita post office. A small child was slightly injured by flying glass in Vinita.

  09/24/1973 1840 21 100 F3 0 14 Craig/ Ottawa 2 NE Vinita - SE edge of Miami

A tornado was reported 2 miles northeast of Vinita in Craig County at 6:40 pm CST. It continued northeastward along an intermittent path as it lifted and touched down multiple times. The tornado touched down at the U.S. Interstate Highway I-44 turnpike gate just north of Afton in Ottawa County and continued to the northeast over mostly open country to the southeastern edge of Miami. Several vehicles were blown off the road at Afton and 3 miles south of Miami. At the latter point a car was lifted and hit the top of a telephone pole, leaving paint chips on the pole as evidence. The car was hurled a total of 150 yards and the family of 3 inside were injured. Another 5 people were injured in the community of Fairland south of Miami. About 8 farms sustained damage including the destruction of 7 farm homes. A number of other homes were also damaged.

  06/08/1974 1750 64 100 F3 2 80 Tulsa/ Rogers/ Mayes/ Craig W of Tulsa - Tulsa - near Big Cabin

A violent squall line brought heavy rains and tornadoes to the Tulsa area during the late afternoon of June 8, 1974. The heavy rains and tornadoes combined to produce one of the worst natural disasters in Tulsa's history. Two deaths were attributed to one of the tornadoes and one death to flash flooding.

One of the tornadoes touched down just west of Tulsa at about 5:50 pm CST and moved east-northeastward across the city. Some of the worst damage occurred near the intersections of 51st and Union, 41st and Peoria, and 21st and Garnett. A 17-year-old girl living near the 21st and Garnett area was fatally injured. The Red Cross also reported that a 71-year-old man in Tulsa was also killed.

Upon leaving Tulsa, the tornado took a more northeasterly track and produced more damage near Catoosa, Claremore, and Big Cabin before it dissipated. In addition to producing 2 fatalities, the tornado also injured 80 people. The damage path was 45 miles long with a width up to 100 yards in some areas.

  04/24/1975 1800 5 77 F2 0 3 Craig/ Ottawa 2 NE Bluejacket - 5 SW Miami

A tornado touched down about 2 miles northeast of Bluejacket where it destroyed a barn and damaged several other farm buildings. The tornado moved northeastward and destroyed or damaged several other farm buildings. Five homes and 3 mobile homes were destroyed just southeast of the Mound Valley community about 5 miles southwest of Miami in Ottawa County. Three minor injuries were reported.

  04/07/1980 1650 25 440 F3 0 4 Mayes/ Craig/ Delaware/ Ottawa 4 N Pensacola - near Bernice - southern Ottawa County

A tornado touched down about 4 miles north of Pensacola in Mayes County at 4:50 pm CST and moved northeastward along a nearly continuous path. At 5:20 pm CST, it leveled a mini-mart near Ketchum and the intersection of OK State Highways 82 and 85 in Craig County. Four people were injured by flying debris in the Ketchum area in Craig County as the tornado progressed to the northeast. Three of the injured were inside one car, and the fourth was hospitalized with severe lacerations.

The tornado then moved through the Cleora area to Bernice along the western shores of Grand Lake in Delaware County before dissipating in southern Ottawa County at 5:45 pm CST. Twenty residences were damaged in the Grand Lake resort area south of Cleora, and one mobile home park was destroyed at Bernice. One man was treated for injuries after he was pummeled by baseball size hail, but he was not hospitalized. For the entire path of the tornado, a total of 11 homes were destroyed, 6 other homes had major damage, and 40 homes received minor damage. In addition, a total of 28 mobile homes were destroyed while 25 more were damaged. Hail ranging from golf ball to baseball size was reported with the storm. The tornado was occasionally multi-vortex in nature as some people reported seeing 3 funnels while others saw only one funnel.

  12/24/1982 0940 0.5 50 F1 0 10 Craig Near Ketchum

A small tornado struck a mobile home park, destroying 15 mobile homes and injuring 10 people. A total of 28 people were left homeless. Damages were estimated at $100,000.

  03/26/1983 1330 1 50 F2 0 1 Craig Centralia

A small tornado destroyed a mobile home in Centralia where one woman received minor injuries while her two children were uninjured.

  11/15/1987 1254 1.5 50 F2 0 1 Craig 1 NW Vinita

A line of severe thunderstorms that were oriented north-south moved eastward during the morning and afternoon on November 15th and generated tornadoes, locally heavy rainfall, and winds gusting up to 60 mph. A tornado touched down 1 mile northwest of Vinita moved to the north for 1.5 miles. The tornado did considerable damage to house where a man was cut by flying glass. The tornado also destroyed several outbuildings and downed many trees and utility poles. Damages were estimated at $45,000.

  05/26/1996 1838-1930 30 880 F2 0 1 Rogers/ Nowata/ Craig 1 NW Talala- 8 N Centralia

Severe thunderstorms moved across northeast Oklahoma during the evening of May 26th and very early morning of May 27th. The storms spawned 1 tornado in northeast Oklahoma, and also produced damaging winds and large hail. The tornado touched down at 6:38 pm CST 1 mile northwest of Talala and moved northeast into Nowata County 1 mile south of Watova at 7:45 pm CST. The tornado continued northeast and entered Craig County 7 miles northeast of Childers at 7:15 pm CST. The tornado moved northeast across the northwest part of Craig County before lifting at 7:30 pm CST 8 miles north of Centralia.

The tornado destroyed a mobile home and injured 1 person 1 mile northwest of Talala. This was the only structural damage done by the tornado in Rogers County. In Nowata County, 30 boxcars were knocked off railroad tracks just south of Watova. Ten homes were damaged, 2 barns were destroyed, and 2 major power distribution systems were knocked out in Nowata County. In Craig County, 1 home was destroyed, 2 homes were damaged, and 1 barn was destroyed. Numerous trees and power lines were downed along the entire track of the tornado. The tornado was on the ground for a total of 30 miles and reached a maximum width of 100 yards in Rogers County and 0.5 miles in both Nowata and Craig Counties. The maximum intensity of the tornado was rated as F1 in Rogers County and F2 in both Nowata and Craig Counties.

Damaging straight-line winds also occurred with the storms. A large shed was blown down 1 mile south of Wann, and large trees were blown down in Pawhuska and in Hulbert. Strong thunderstorm winds downed power lines in Fairfax and in Haskell, and large tree limbs were blown down in Collinsville, in Bartlesville, in Porter, in Warner, and in Gore. Numerous large tree limbs were downed by 65 mile an hour winds in Jennings, and thunderstorm winds also gusted to 65 miles an hour 5 miles northeast of Skiatook and 1 mile south of Vinita. Thunderstorm winds gusted to 60 miles an hour at numerous other locations in northeast Oklahoma.

Large hail also accompanied the storms. Quarter size hail fell 5 miles south of Miami and 4 miles east of Miami, and dime to nickel size hail fell at numerous other locations in northeast Oklahoma. Lightning also set a gas well on fire 2 miles southeast of Nowata.

  04/06/2006 1805-1822 12 40 F1 0 12 Craig OK/ Labette KS/ Cherokee KS 10 NW Welch OK - 3 S Faulkner KS [F0 and no injuries in Oklahoma]

A tornado severely damaged the roof of a mobile home, snapped trees, and took down power lines in extreme northern Craig County. The tornado then entered Labette County, Kansas from Oklahoma near Victory Road about 3 miles southwest of Chetopa. The tornado tracked to the east-northeast where it struck 2 homes and a mobile home. The mobile home was destroyed and the 2 other homes were damaged. Twelve minor injuries occurred when the tornado damaged the homes and destroyed the mobile home south of Chetopa. The tornado also flipped a tractor trailer on Highway 59. The tornado crossed into Cherokee County near Highway 166, and tracked to three miles south of Faulkner. Only minor damage to a few trees were observed from the storm survey.

  05/10/2008 1620-1755 76 1760 EF4 6
(21)
150
(350)
Craig/ Ottawa/ Newton MO/ Barry MO 9.2 NNW Welch - Picher - Quapaw - 3 NE Peoria - Granby MO - Newtonia MO - 3.9 NNE Fairview MO - Purdy MO - 0.2 WSW McDowell MO

This tornado developed at 4:20 pm CST in northeastern Craig County and continued into Ottawa County. The tornado moved rapidly eastward toward the town of Picher, OK where it destroyed about 200 homes, killed six people, and injured another 150 people at about 540 pm. Damage in and around Picher was rated EF-4 on the Enhanced Fujita Scale.

The tornado began moving more southeasterly near Picher and struck the north side of Quapaw, OK. While this tornado was beginning to weaken east of Quapaw, the supercell produced another tornado a few miles east-northeast of Quapaw that merged with this tornado just east of U.S. Interstate Highway 44. After the merger of the two tornadoes, a single tornadic circulation re-intensified and became about a mile wide for several miles before moving into Newton County, MO.

The EF-4 tornado crossed into Missouri just north of Iris Road, and tracked east southeast all the way across Newton County to just north of Fairview, MO. Several people were killed in automobiles, including a firefighter who was storm spotting, as the tornado briefly reached EF-4 intensity near the intersection of MO State Highway 43 and Iris Road. One vehicle at this location was thrown 5/8s of a mile.

The tornado then extended to a mile wide and EF-3 intensity as it tracked across the intersection of Highway 86 and BB. Many of the 14 fatalities and 200 injuries occurred from just west of MO State Highway 43 to MO State Highway 86. The communities of Granby, MO and Newtonia, MO were also directly impacted from this tornado.

The tornado weakened to EF-2 intensity as it tracked across much of Barry County, but it remained deadly as it directly impacted the community of Purdy, MO. One man was killed as he was taking shelter in a mobile home. Numerous structures, trees, and power poles were destroyed. Damage was estimated at $15.6 million in Oklahoma and $60.6 million in Missouri. This was the first EF-4 tornado to occur in Oklahoma since the Enhanced Fujita Scale was adopted by the National Weather Service in 2007.

  05/01/2012 0030-0032 1 150 EF2 0 1 Craig 1 N - 2 NE Welch

Thunderstorms developed over far northeast Oklahoma, in the vicinity of a warm front and an outflow boundary from earlier thunderstorms. Large hail, damaging winds, several tornadoes and flash flooding were observed with these thunderstorms. This event began during the evening hours of April 30th and continued into the early morning hours of May 1st.

This tornado tore the roof off of a permanent home, shifted another permanent home off its foundation and blew out an exterior wall, turned over an outbuilding, rolled two horse trailers, destroyed a 40' by 60' steel-framed barn, and snapped or uprooted a number of hardwood trees. Maximum estimated wind in the tornado based on this damage was 110 to 120 mph.

  04/02/2015 2059-2119 12 800 EF1 0 1 Craig/ Ottawa/ Delaware 5.5 NE Vinita - 3.5 NE Bernice

Severe thunderstorms developed during the evening of the April 2nd near a stationary frontal boundary that extended across northeastern Oklahoma and southeastern Kansas. A very unstable air mass over the region coupled with strong vertical wind shear resulted in some supercell thunderstorm structures. The storms produced hail up to golfball size, wind gusts of up to 80 mph, and a damaging tornado.

In Craig County, the tornado first damaged barns and trees at the S 440 Road. It moved east-southeast snapping or uprooting trees and damaging barns and outbuildings along the E 200 Road, the S 440 Road, and the E 230 Road before crossing U.S. Interstate Highway I-44, where it blew over two tractor trailers, injuring the driver of one of them. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 95 to 105 mph. The tornado continued into Ottawa County, Oklahoma.

In Ottawa County, the tornado moved through open country and then crossed Highway 60 where it threw several round hay bales. It destroyed barns and outbuildings, damaged several homes, and snapped or uprooted numerous trees as it crossed the S 510 Road and S 520 Road. Based on this damage, maximum estimated wind in this segment of the tornado was 95 to 105 mph.

The tornado crossed into Delaware County near the S 520 Road. Trees were snapped or uprooted, barns and outbuildings were damaged, and homes were damaged as it approached the north end of Grand Lake from the west-northwest. It destroyed a private boat dock on the lake then moved through a community of houses to the east of the lake, resulting in damage to the roofs of homes as well as tree damage. The tornado dissipated to the east of this community in open country. Based on this damage, estimated maximum wind in this segment of the tornado was 95 to 105 mph.

 

Records taken from the Storm Prediction Center archive data, "Storm Data", and data from the National Weather Service office in Norman. Data modified as described in NOAA Tech Memo NWS SR-209 (Speheger, D., 2001: "Corrections to the Historic Tornado Database").

Historic data, especially before 1950, are likely incomplete.