National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce

Widespread flooding occurred throughout the mid-Atlantic during the spring of 2018, between the months of April and June. This was after an unseasonably dry autumn of 2017 and winter of 2017-2018. This webpage chronicles the various events which caused flooding, and provides historical perspective where appropriate.

The first flood event of the spring began in the overnight hours of April 15th into the early morning hours of the 16th, as low pressure moved east along what was a stalled boundary over the region.

Surface Map April 16th 09 UTC

Conditions leading up to this event had been mostly dry, with only light rain events due to an unseasonably chilly period. The amounts which occurred, ranging from 2-3 inches over a large portion of the area, would have caused much more flooding later in the season when antecedent conditions were wetter.

Observed Precip 4/16/18

As it was, flooding was primarily confined to the DC metro area, and larger streams in the western portion of the region. Ultimately, the floodwaters moved downstream, affecting the more flood-prone areas of the Potomac River as well.

The table below lists the forecast points which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Franklin, WV South Branch Potomac 7.0 9.10 4/16 9:05am Highest since 2010
Martinsburg, WV Opequon Creek 10.0 10.50 4/16 7:15pm  
Great Cacapon, WV Cacapon River 9.0 9.17 4/17 4:15am  
Springfield, WV South Branch Potomac 15.0 19.44 4/17 9:15am Highest since 2007
Shepherdstown, WV Potomac River 15.0 15.30 4/18 12:15am  
Edwards Ferry, MD Potomac River 15.0 15.13 4/18 9:45am  

 

The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Rockville, MD Turkey Branch 10.0 10.37 4/16 3:15am  
Alexandria, VA Cameron Run 9.5 9.67 4/16 3:35am  
Huntington, VA Cameron Run 6.5 7.06 4/16 4:00am  
Annandale, VA Accotink Creek 9.5 10.43 4/16 7:15am  
Washington, DC Rock Creek 7.0 7.92 4/16 10:45am  
Bristow, VA Broad Run 9.5 12.44 4/16 Noon  

The first of several significant flood events occurred on May 15th, 2018.  A line of thunderstorms moved southward near an approaching cold front into Maryland. The line stalled across southeastern Washington and southern Frederick Counties.  Torrential rain of 4 to 6 inches fell in a very short period of time, along with impressive baseball-sized hail.

A radar loop of the event can be viewed by clicking this link (warning: large file!).

The area was on the gradient of the highest precipitable water values, as indicated by the SPC Mesoanalysis Data:

Precipitable Water 16 May 0000 UTC

The area was also in a region of strong moisture convergence:

Moisture Convergence 16 May 0000 UTC

 

Widespread flooding was reported in the city of Frederick, with numerous water rescues and flood damage to the YMCA building and other structures.
The heaviest rain was southwest of the city, where roads were washed out and some structures, especially in far southeastern Washington County, suffered flood damage. In one case, a small creek that usually barely flows turned into a raging river and inundated the lower level of one home, requiring a water rescue. With some rugged terrain in that area, some landslides also occurred.

The USGS streamgages on Little Catoctin Creek were right in the line of the heaviest rainfall, and one recorded a flood wave of at least ten feet in depth before being damaged, as shown in the observed graph below:

At this location, the gauge height rose from 2 feet to 11 feet in just 20 minutes. Floodwaters from the creek damaged Jefferson Pike (Maryland 180) in this area, closing the road for weeks.  The same floodwave undermined a section of train tracks near Brunswick, temporarily stranding dozens of MARC passengers.


Although instability and moisture had decreased somewhat, the Frederick area remained in the vicinity of another stalled front during the next afternoon/evening (May 16th) and the scenario repeated itself, with another band of torrential rain (3-6 inches) that affected the same areas as the night before, plus portions of Jefferson County, West Virginia.

Local officials estimate between the two events, several million dollars in damage occurred just to public infrastructure. However, one success story was Frederick's Carroll Creek/Baker Park flood mitigation project, which kept water within the designed floodplain, and spared downtown Frederick from significant flooding, despite this graph of the stream from USGS upstream of downtown, which showed rises of around 8 feet above base flow levels with each event:

 

As the Frederick (and nearby area) flooding was occurring, much of the rest of the region was seeing several consecutive days of moderate rainfall. The cumulative effects of these events caused some smaller stream flooding initially, and then flooded larger rivers as the flow moved downstream. Some locations experienced multiple peaks in flood during this time due to the multiple rounds of rainfall.

To view rainfall from this time period, visit http://water.weather.gov/precip and select the archive data section under the map.

The table below lists the forecast points which flooded during this time, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Martinsburg, WV Opequon Creek 10.0 14.36 5/17 7:00pm Highest since 2014
2nd flood of 2018
Great Cacapon, WV Cacapon River 10.0 12.73 5/18 6:45am Highest since 2014
2nd flood of 2018
Millville, WV Shenandoah River 10.0 10.63 5/19 5:30pm  
Great Cacapon, WV Cacapon River 10.0 11.58 5/19 8:15pm Secondary peak
3rd flood of 2018
Remington, VA Rappahannock River 15.0 16.44 5/19 9:30pm  
Martinsburg, WV Opequon Creek 10.0 12.49 5/20 1:30am 3rd flood of 2018
Shepherdstown, WV Potomac River 15.0 17.78 5/20 9:45am 2nd flood of 2018
Point of Rocks, MD Potomac River 16.0 17.39 5/20 Noon Highest since 2014
Edwards Ferry, MD Potomac River 15.0 17.87 5/20 1:15pm 2nd flood of 2018

 

The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Waterford, VA SF Catoctin Creek 8.0 8.03 5/16 3:45am  
Berryville, VA Opequon Creek 10.0 11.54 5/17 9:30am Highest since 2014
Waterford, VA SF Catoctin Creek 8.0 8.49 5/17 Noon 2nd flood of 2018
Upper Marlboro, MD Western Branch 11.0 12.75 5/18 4:40pm  
Great Mills, MD St. Mary's River 6.0 8.33 5/18 6:30pm Highest since 2012
Locust Dale, VA Robinson River 11.0 12.64 5/19 7:45am  
Rixeyville, VA Hazel River 16.0 17.69 5/19 11:30am  
Bristow, VA Broad Run 9.5 10.46 5/19 12:45pm 2nd flood of 2018
Headsville, WV Patterson Creek 9.0 9.50 5/19 2:45pm First flood since 2012
Manassas Park, VA Bull Run 12.0 12.44 5/19 3:18pm  
Aden, VA Cedar Run 10.0 10.06 5/19 3:25pm  
Jones Springs, WV Back Creek 11.0 11.78 5/19 8:30pm  
Great Mills, MD St. Mary's River 6.0 7.90 5/19 9:45pm 2nd flood of 2018

 

A classic wedge of cooler air left yet another stalled front stretching across the vicinity of the Blue Ridge Mountains during the overnight hours of May 21st into the 22nd.

Heavy rain up to four or five inches fell in a fairly short period of time, mainly in northwestern Rockingham County.

Significant flooding was reported in the Fulks Run and Yankeetown areas, with vehicles stranded in the floodwaters and damage reported to some homes.
That portion of northwestern Rockingham County forms the North Fork Shenandoah River, which saw a flood wave move downstream through the course of the day on the 22nd.

The table below lists the forecast points which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Cootes Store, VA North Fork Shenandoah 15.0 17.00 5/22 2:15am 1st flood since 2011
Highest since 1996


The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Mount Jackson, VA North Fork Shenandoah 13.0 14.67 5/22 10:00am Highest since 2011
Burnshire Dam, VA North Fork Shenandoah 13.0 14.20 5/22 4:44pm  

 

The NWS has already completed a thorough review of what happened on May 27th in the Ellicott City and southwestern Baltimore County/Baltimore City areas. To view that report, click here. As shown below, heavy rain also fell earlier in that same day in the eastern part of Baltimore County, near Perry Hall and White Marsh, causing flooding and water rescues in those areas. Somewhat heavy rain in Rockingham County, Virginia also sent small streams out of their banks.

The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
White Marsh, MD Whitemarsh Run 11.0 13.42 5/27 3:45pm  
Ellicott City, MD Hudson Branch 258.0 258.98 5/27 4:30pm first flood wave
Ellicott City, MD Patapsco River 122.5 123.31 5/27 5:00pm first flood wave
Catonsville, MD Patapsco River 20.0 27.03 5/27 5:00pm Similar to 2016 event
Ellicott City, MD Hudson Branch 258.0 261.06 5/27 5:55pm second flood wave
Similar to 2016 event
Mount Clinton, VA Muddy Creek 8.0 8.18 5/27 6:00pm  
Arbutus, MD EB Herbert Run 7.0 9.21 5/27 6:20pm Similar to 2014 event
Ellicott City, MD Patapsco River 122.5 124.78 5/27 6:20pm second flood wave
Baltimore, MD Gwynns Falls 13.0 17.09 5/27 6:31pm Similar to 2016 event
Elkridge, MD Patapsco River 15.0 24.36 5/27 6:45pm Similar to 2016 event
Columbia, MD Little Patuxent River 298.5 303.76 5/27 9:20pm  
Allview, MD Little Patuxent River 280.0 284.53 5/27 10:10pm  
Guilford, MD Little Patuxent River 11.0 15.22 5/27 11:15pm 3rd highest on record
Savage, MD Little Patuxent River 10.0 16.52 5/28 12:30am 7th highest on record

 

As Tropical Depression Alberto moved northward through the Ohio Valley, a boundary set up across central and southern Virginia between cooler air to the north and the tropical warm air to the south and west, and remained stationary into and through the night.

Torrential rain fell north of this boundary, enhanced by easterly winds pushing up against the Blue Ridge Mountains. This led to widespread rainfall totals of 5-8 inches across western Madison and Greene Counties, and much of Albemarle County.

Dozens of roads were closed, with flooding of homes. At least a dozen water rescues occurred.

Tragically, three fatalities occurred during this flooding event.  In Madison County, Virginia, two women who were camping at Graves Mountain attempted to cross a flooded stretch of water in an ATV. Tasha Hardy of Culpeper County was swept away and perished. Her companion was stranded on an island for several hours. In Albemarle County, two vehicles were swept into Ivy Creek. One vehicle's occupant was rescued, but the occupants of the other vehicle, Robert and Carol Gilges, were swept away and could not be rescued.


Heavy rain later in the day on the 31st produced 1.5-2.5 inches of rain in portions of Rockingham and Culpeper counties in Virginia, and Berkeley County, West Virginia, causing flooding, including of streams, in those areas as well.

The table below lists the forecast points which flooded during this time, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Culpeper, VA Rapidan River 13.0 14.64 6/1 3:30am Highest since 2014


The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Free Union, VA Moormans River 14.0 15.40 5/30 11:15pm first flood wave
Highest since 2011
White Hall, VA Mechums River 11.0 17.42 5/30 11:30pm Highest since 2004
Earlysville, VA NF Rivanna River 14.0 21.89
(estimate)
5/31 4:00am
(estimate)
Highest since 1996
(Gauge malfunctioned
during storm. Value
determined by survey
after storm.)
Dooms, VA South River 11.0 11.62 5/31 4:00am  
Free Union, VA Moormans River 14.0 14.78 5/31 5:15am second flood wave
Ruckersville, VA Rapidan River 14.0 15.24 5/31 8:15am Highest since 1996
Locust Dale, VA Robinson River 11.0 14.89 5/31 2:30pm first flood wave
2nd flood of 2018
Martinsburg, WV Tuscarora Creek 5.5 5.60 5/31 8:15pm Highest since 2011
Mount Clinton, VA Muddy Creek 8.0 8.10 5/31 8:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Locust Dale, VA Robinson River 11.0 11.06 5/31 10:15pm second flood wave
3rd flood of 2018
Burketown, VA North River 11.0 11.04 6/1 1:15am  

 

Over a multi-day period, a series of generally weak systems (and yet another stalled front for a portion of the time) moved through the mid-Atlantic. Heavy rains throughout the first three days of the month, combined with very wet soils from the relentless period of rain in late May, caused widespread, and in some areas, quite significant, flooding.

On the evening of the 1st, widespread flooding was reported in Washington and Frederick Counties in Maryland, and in Hampshire, Morgan, and Berkeley Counties in West Virginia. This included several rescues of people from cars. Some of that flooding continued into the 2nd, and by afternoon, new flooding was occurring throughout much of north central Virginia and the eastern West Virginia panhandle. Flooding remained significant into the 3rd, with larger rivers continuing to flood through the 4th.

The table below lists the forecast points which flooded during this time, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Moorefield, WV SF SB Potomac 10.0 10.80 6/2 11:00pm First flood since 2003
Springfield, WV SB Potomac River 15.0 17.49 6/3 3:15pm 2nd flood of 2018
Paw Paw, WV Potomac River 25.0 25.24 6/3 5:15pm First flood since 2011
Luray, VA SF Shenandoah River 14.0 15.20 6/3 7:45pm Highest since 2011
Great Cacapon, WV Cacapon River 9.0 16.24 6/3 11:15pm 4th flood of 2018
Highest since 2003
Front Royal, VA SF Shenandoah River 12.0 16.52 6/3 11:30pm Highest since 2003
Culpeper, VA Rapidan River 13.0 14.46 6/4 3:00am 2nd flood of 2018
Strasburg, VA NF Shenandoah River 17.0 17.93 6/4 4:30am First flood since 2011
Martinsburg, WV Opequon Creek 10.0 13.95 6/4 7:30am 4th flood of 2018
Remington, VA Rappahannock River 15.0 18.32 6/4 9:30am 2nd flood of 2018
Williamsport, MD Potomac River 23.0 24.49 6/4 10:47am Highest since 2010
Millville, WV Shenandoah River 10.0 17.52 6/4 12:15pm 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Comparable to 2003
Fredericksburg, VA Rappahannock River 13.0 17.00 (E) 6/4 1:00pm First flood since 2014
Harpers Ferry, WV Potomac River 18.0 21.74 6/4 4:00pm Highest since 1996
Comparable to 2010
Shepherdstown, WV Potomac River 15.0 23.15 6/4 5:15pm 3rd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Point of Rocks, MD Potomac River 16.0 25.83 6/4 8:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Comparable to 2010
Edwards Ferry, MD Potomac River 15.0 22.45 6/4 11:30pm 3rd flood of 2018
Little Falls, MD Potomac River 10.0 12.38 6/5 4:30am First flood since 2014
Highest since 2010

 

The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Burketown, VA North River 11.0 14.60 6/2 9:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 2013
Berkeley Springs, WV Warm Springs Run 5.0 5.83 6/3 11:30am First flood since 2012
Comparable to 2012
Hayfield, VA Hogue Creek 8.0 8.39 6/3 12:45pm First flood since 2001
Berryville, VA Opequon Creek 10.0 13.12 6/3 1:45pm 2nd flood of 2018
New Market, VA Smith Creek 8.0 11.55 6/3 2:00pm Highest since 2003
Mount Jackson, VA NF Shenandoah River 13.0 14.20 6/3 2:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Comparable to May
Takoma Park, MD Sligo Creek 5.5 5.75 6/3 3:20pm  
Winchester, VA Cedar Creek 16.0 16.32 6/3 4:00pm First flood since 2014
Bellegrove, MD Sideling Hill Creek 7.5 8.02 6/3 5:00pm Highest since 2011
Huntington, VA Cameron Run 6.5 6.50 6/3 5:00pm 2nd flood of 2018
Locust Dale, VA Robinson River 11.0 17.93 6/3 5:30pm 4th flood of 2018
Highest since 2004
Washington, DC Rock Creek 7.0 8.57 6/3 5:45pm 2nd flood of 2018
Riverdale, MD NE Branch Anacostia 8.0 10.20 6/3 5:50pm Highest since 2006
Rixeyville, VA Hazel River 16.0 19.78 6/3 7:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Buckton, VA Passage Creek 9.0 12.00 6/3 7:45pm  
Ellicott City, MD Patapsco River 122.5 122.60 6/3 8:30pm 3rd flood of 2018
Catonsville, MD Patapsco River 20.0 22.17 6/3 8:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Columbia, MD Little Patuxent River 298.5 298.63 6/3 9:00pm 2nd flood of 2018
Mitchellville, MD Collington Branch 9.0 9.20 6/3 9:35pm  
Elkridge, MD Patapsco River 15.0 18.01 6/3 10:00pm 2nd flood of 2018
Burnshire Dam, VA NF Shenandoah River 13.0 15.70 6/3 10:44pm 2nd flood of 2018
Guilford, MD Little Patxuent River 11.0 11.27 6/3 10:45pm 2nd flood of 2018
Savage, MD Little Patuxent River 10.0 15.06 6/3 11:00pm 2nd flood of 2018
Allview, MD Little Patuxent River 280.0 280.39 6/3 11:10pm 2nd flood of 2018
Upper Marlboro, MD Western Branch 11.0 15.18 6/4 4:00am 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 2012
Jones Springs, WV Back Creek 11.0 19.14 6/4 6:30am 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Comparable to 1996

 

On June 21-22, it happened yet again.  A front was stalled across Central Virginia with deep easterly flow to the north of it. This (as also occurred at the end of May) caused significant precipitation in Madison and Greene Counties, as well as surrounding areas, particularly those with upslope to mountains.

Moderate rain persisted into the next day, as the front moved northward as a warm front. 

Widespread flooding occurred in the Rappahannock and Shenandoah basins, with some minor flooding at the susceptible area of the Potomac near Edwards Ferry.

The table below lists the forecast points which flooded during this time, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
Cootes Store, VA NF Shenandoah River 15.0 15.42 6/22 9:15am 2nd flood of 2018
Remington, VA Rappahannock River 15.0 23.10
(estimate)
6/22 9:00pm 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Comparable to 1996
Culpeper, VA Rapidan River 13.0 23.70 6/22 11:15pm 3rd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Great Cacapon, WV Cacapon River 9.0 11.38 6/23 2:15am 5th flood of 2018
Strasburg, VA NF Shenandoah River 17.0 17.57 6/23 9:00am 2nd flood of 2018
above Fredericksburg, VA Rappahannock River 13.0 17.55 6/23 3:15pm First flood since 2014
Highest since 1996
Comparable to 1996
Martinsburg, WV Opequon Creek 10.0 12.93 6/23 9:00pm 5th flood of 2018
Fredericksburg, VA Rappahannock River 13.0 25.20 6/23 9:30pm 2nd flood of 2018
Highest since 1996
Millville, WV Shenandoah River 10.0 12.62 6/23 10:30pm 3rd flood of 2018
Edwards Ferry, MD Potomac River 15.0 15.20 6/24 8:15am 4th flood of 2018

 

The table below lists the non-forecast locations which flooded, and their observed crests.  Crest values are preliminary until verified by gauge operators:

Location River Flood
Stage
Peak
Observed
Date/Time
of Peak
Notes
White Hall, VA Mechums River 11.0 13.25 6/22 9:00am 2nd flood of 2018
Ruckersville, VA Rapidan River 14.0 16.93 6/22 9:15am 2nd flood of 2018
Higher than May 31
Highest since 1996
Laurel Mills, VA Battle Run 11.0 12.43 6/22 11:30am Highest since 1996
Earlysville, VA NF Rivanna River 14.0 15.55
(estimate)
6/22 11:45am
(estimate)
2nd flood of 2018
New Market, VA Smith Creek 8.0 8.03 6/22 12:45pm 2nd flood of 2018
Locust Dale, VA Robinson River 11.0 21.34 6/22 3:00pm 5th flood of 2018
(also 5th in 35 days)

Highest since 1996
Mount Jackson, VA NF Shenandoah River 13.0 14.54 6/22 4:00pm 3rd flood of 2018
Comparable to other
two events this year
Rixeyville, VA Hazel River 16.0 26.20
(estimate)
6/22 4:15pm 3rd flood of 2018
(Gauge did not operate
during the 1995/1996
seasons so cannot
compare)
Berryville, VA Opequon Creek 10.0 10.23 6/23 7:30am 3rd flood of 2018
Bristow, VA Broad Run 9.5 10.17 6/24 6:02am 3rd flood of 2018