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BACKUP = 703-661-1293

101-groups

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MIRS
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B29
APR 2015 B-29 *
(* = needs monthly update)
B85
H6
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DVN OBSERVATIONS	NAM Meteograms MLI
WUNDERGROUND DVN VAD WINDS
COLLEGE of DUPAGE	PLYMOUTH STATE

101-groups

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METERS	FEET
100 200 300 400 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000 10500 11000 11500 12000 12500 13000 13500 14000 14500 15000	328 656 984 1312 1640 3281 4921 6562 8202 9843 11483 13123 14764 16404 18045 19685 21325 22966 24606 26247 27887 29528 31168 32808 34449 36089 37730 39370 41010 42651 44291 45932 47572 49213

DVN SKEWT

DVN STUVE

UPPER AIR RELEASE TIMES
OB RELEASE TIME TIME WINDOW			OB RELEASE TIME TIME WINDOW
00Z 2300Z-0029Z 01Z 0030Z-0129Z 02Z 0130Z-0229Z 03Z 0230Z-0329Z 04Z 0330Z-0429Z 05Z 0430Z-0459Z 06Z 0500Z-0629Z 07Z 0630Z-0729Z 08Z 0730Z-0829Z 09Z 0830Z-0929Z 10Z 0930Z-1029Z 11Z 1030Z-1059Z			12Z 1100Z-1229Z 13Z 1230Z-1329Z 14Z 1330Z-1429Z 15Z 1430Z-1529Z 16Z 1530Z-1629Z 17Z 1630Z-1659Z 18Z 1700Z-1829Z 19Z 1830Z-1929Z 20Z 1930Z-2029Z 21Z 2030Z-2129Z 22Z 2130Z-2229Z 23Z 2230Z-2259Z

101-groups

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M vs. FT

Troubleshooting

----------------------------------------
CELSIUS TO FAHRENHEIT CONVERSION TABLE
----------------------------------------

F   C   F || F    C    F || F    C    F ||   F    C    F ||   C    F
-------------||--------------||---------------||----------------||-----------
32 -0.0+ 32 || 14 -10.0+ 50 || -4 -20.0+ 68 || -22 -30.0+ 86 || 40.0+ 104
30 -1.0+ 34 || 12 -11.0+ 52 || -6 -21.0+ 70 || -24 -31.0+ 88 || 41.0+ 106
28 -2.0+ 36 || 10 -12.0+ 54 || -8 -22.0+ 72 || -26 -32.0+ 90 || 42.0+ 108
27 -3.0+ 37 || 9 -13.0+ 55 || -9 -23.0+ 73 || -27 -33.0+ 91 || 43.0+ 109
25 -4.0+ 39 || 7 -14.0+ 57 || -11 -24.0+ 75 || -29 -34.0+ 93 || 44.0+ 111
23 -5.0+ 41 || 5 -15.0+ 59 || -13 -25.0+ 77 || -31 -35.0+ 95 || 45.0+ 113
21 -6.0+ 43 || 3 -16.0+ 61 || -15 -26.0+ 79 || -33 -36.0+ 97 ||
19 -7.0+ 45 || 1 -17.0+ 63 || -17 -27.0+ 81 || -35 -37.0+ 99 ||
18 -8.0+ 46 || 0 -18.0+ 64 || -18 -28.0+ 82 || -36 -38.0+ 100 ||
16 -9.0+ 48 || -2 -19.0+ 66 || -20 -29.0+ 84 || -38 -39.0+ 102 ||

----------------------------------------
FAHRENHEIT TO CELSIUS CONVERSION TABLE
----------------------------------------

F   C   F || F    C    F || F    C    F ||   F    C    F ||   C    F
-------------||--------------||---------------||----------------||-----------
32 -0.0+ 32 || 14 -10.0+ 50 || -4 -20.0+ 68 || -22 -30.0+ 86 || 40.0+ 104
31 -0.6+ 33 || 13 -10.6+ 51 || -5 -20.6+ 69 || -23 -30.6+ 87 || 40.6+ 105
30 -1.1+ 34 || 12 -11.1+ 52 || -6 -21.1+ 70 || -24 -31.1+ 88 || 41.1+ 106
29 -1.7+ 35 || 11 -11.7+ 53 || -7 -21.7+ 71 || -25 -31.7+ 89 || 41.7+ 107
28 -2.2+ 36 || 10 -12.2+ 54 || -8 -22.2+ 72 || -26 -32.2+ 90 || 42.2+ 108
27 -2.8+ 37 || 9 -12.8+ 55 || -9 -22.8+ 73 || -27 -32.8+ 91 || 42.8+ 109
26 -3.3+ 38 || 8 -13.3+ 56 || -10 -23.3+ 74 || -28 -33.3+ 92 || 43.3+ 110
25 -3.9+ 39 || 7 -13.9+ 57 || -11 -23.9+ 75 || -29 -33.9+ 93 || 43.9+ 111
24 -4.4+ 40 || 6 -14.4+ 58 || -12 -24.4+ 76 || -30 -34.4+ 94 || 44.4+ 112
23 -5.0+ 41 || 5 -15.0+ 59 || -13 -25.0+ 77 || -31 -35.0+ 95 || 45.0+ 113
22 -5.6+ 42 || 4 -15.6+ 60 || -14 -25.6+ 78 || -32 -35.6+ 96 ||
21 -6.1+ 43 || 3 -16.1+ 61 || -15 -26.1+ 79 || -33 -36.1+ 97 ||
20 -6.7+ 44 || 2 -16.7+ 62 || -16 -26.7+ 80 || -34 -36.7+ 98 ||
19 -7.2+ 45 || 1 -17.2+ 63 || -17 -27.2+ 81 || -35 -37.2+ 99 ||
18 -7.8+ 46 || 0 -17.8+ 64 || -18 -27.8+ 82 || -36 -37.8+ 100 ||
17 -8.3+ 47 || -1 -18.3+ 65 || -19 -28.3+ 83 || -37 -38.3+ 101 ||
16 -8.9+ 48 || -2 -18.9+ 66 || -20 -28.9+ 84 || -38 -38.9+ 102 ||
15 -9.4+ 49 || -3 -19.4+ 67 || -21 -29.4+ 85 || -39 -39.4+ 103 ||

101-groups

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M vs. FT

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CLOUDS & WEATHER CODES TABLE

N_h

C_L

h

C_M

C_H

Code    Clouds (x/10)

   0 0
   1   <=1/10 (1/8)
   2    2/10-3/10 (2/8)
   3 4/10 (3/8)
   4      5/10 (4/8)
   5       6/10 (5/8)
   6      7/10-8/10 (6/8)
   7 >= 9/10 (7/8)
   8      10/10 (8/8)
   9      Sky obscrd by
            fog/wx
/      Clouds can't be
            seen, NOT due
            to fog / wx

Code Coding Criteria

9    CB / CB w/ anvil is present
3    CB not fibrous / w/out anvil
    4    SC formed by spreading of CU
    8    CU & SC w/ diff. bases
2    TCU / mod. CU present
1    CU w/ little vert. extent
5    SC
6    ST
7    STFRA / CUFRA
0    No clouds
   /    Low clouds obscured
         by fog/other phenom

Code Height (ft)

   0    0-100
   1     200-300
   2    400-600
   3 700-900
   4    1000-1900
   5    2000-3200
   6 3300-4900
   7    5000-6500
   8    7000-8000
   9 >=8500 or
           no clouds
/     Unknown

Code   Coding Criteria

   9    AC w/ chaotic sky
   8    ACCAS
   7    AC w/ NS/AS OR AC
opaque / 1/more levels
   6    AC from spreading CU/CB
   5    AC progressively
          invading sky
   4    AC changing in appearance
   3    AC semi-trans. @ 1 level
   2    No AC but opaque NS / AS
   1    No AC but semi-trans. NS/AS
   0    No mid clouds
/    Mid clouds not visible

Code   Coding Criteria

   9    CC alone / w/ CI / CS
   7    CS covers whole sky
   8    CS not covering the whole sky
   6    CS invading sky >=45°
          above horizon
   5    CS invading sky <45°
          above horizon
   4    CI invading sky
   3    Dense CI from a CB
   2    Dense CI
   1    CI
   0    No high clouds
/    High clouds not visible

SELECT CODES IN ORDER OF PRIORITY (TOP TO BOTTOM) STARTING IN THE LEFT COLUMN.

CODE ASSOCIATED WEATHER

      99      Severe thunderstorm with hail
      98      Thunderstorm with duststorm
      97      Severe thunderstorm with no hail
      96      Thunderstorm with hail
      95      Thunderstorm, no hail but rain and/or snow
      94      Thunderstorm previous hour; S, S+, RS, R+S+ @ ob
      93      Thunderstorm previous hour; S-, R-S-, @ ob
      92      Thunderstorm previous hour; R or R+ @ ob
      91      Thunderstorm previous hour; R- @ ob
      90      Moderate / heavy shower of hail, not with thunder
      89      NOT USED
      88      SPW or SPW+
      87      SPW-
      86      SW or SW+
      85      SW-
      84      Moderate / heavy shower of mixed rain & snow
      83      RW-SW-
      82      Violent RW (rainfall rates of 1 inch/hour)
      81      RW or RW+
      80      RW-
      79      Ice Pellets (any intensity)
      78      Snow crystals
      77      Snow grains
      76      Ice crystals
      75      Continuous S+
      74      Intermittent S+
      73      Continuous S
      72      Intermittent S
      71      Continuous S-
      70      Intermittent S-
      69      R or L mixed with S moderate / heavy
      68      R or L mixed with S light
      67      ZR or ZR+
      66      ZR-
      65      Continuous R+
      64      Intermittent R+
      63      Continuous R
      62      Intermittent R
      61      Continuous R-
      60      Intermittent R-
      59      Drizzle and rain, moderate / heavy
      58      Drizzle and rain, light
      57      ZL or ZL+
      56      ZL-
      55      Continuous L+
      54      Intermittent L+
      53      Continuous L
      52      Intermittent L
      51      Continuous L-
      50      Intermittent L-

    *17*     Thunderstorm, but no precipitation at ob time
      49      Fog depositing rime, sky invisible
      48      Fog depositing rime, sky visible
      47      F or IF, sky invisible, thicker in past hour
      46      F or IF, sky visible, thicker in past hour
      45      F or IF, sky invisible, no change in past hour
      44      F or IF, sky visible, no change in past hour
      43      F or IF, sky invisible, thinner in past hour
      42      F or IF, sky visible, thinner in past hour
      41      F or IF in patches, thicker in past hour
      40      F or IF at a distance, not at station
      39      Blowing Snow with visibility less than 5/16 mile
      38      Blowing Snow with visibility 5/16 to 6 miles
      37      NOT USED
      36      Drifting snow, below eye level
      35      Severe dust or sandstorm begun or increasing
      34      Severe dust or sandstorm no change past hour
      33      Severe dust or sandstorm decreased past hour
      32      Light / moderate dust or sandstorm begun or increasing
      31      Light / moderate dust or sandstorm no change past hour
      30      Light / moderate dust or sandstorm decreased past hour
      29      Thunderstorm not at ob, but in previous hour
      28      Fog or Ice Fog not at ob, but in previous hour
      27      IPW, A, or mixed with RW in previous hour
      26      Showers of S or RS in previous hour
      25      Showers or R not at ob, but in previous hour
      24      ZL or ZR not at ob, but in previous hour
      23      RS or IP (not showers) in previous hour
      22      Snow (not SW) not at ob, but in previous hour
      21      Rain (not RW) not at ob, but in previous hour
      20      L or SG (not showers) in previous hour
      19      Funnel cloud or Tornado near site in past hour
      18      Wind squalls near site in past hour
      17      (SEE TOP OF THIS COLUMN)
      16      Virga, not at site, but within 3 miles
      15      Virga, not at site, but greater than 3 miles
      14      Virga over the ob site
      13      Lightning visible, but no thunder heard
      12      Continuous area of GF, visibility < 5/8 mile
      11      Patches of ground fog, visibility < 5/8 mile
      10      Mist (Fog with visibility greater than 5/8 mile)
      09      Dust or sandstorm at ob or in previous hour
      08      Dust Devil
      07      Loose dust or sand raised by wind
      06      Dust suspended in air, not windblown
      05      Haze (any visibility)
      04      Visibility 6 miles or less due to smoke
      03      Clouds forming or developing
      02      State of sky unchanged
      01      Clouds dissolving or less developed
      00      Clouds not observed or observable

101-groups

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M vs. FT

Troubleshooting

Code Table 0421 (WMO-No. 306, Vol II)

101A_dfA_df - Form of Additional Regional Data Reported

          Code
         Figure   Definition
       ---------------------------------------------------------

            00    Not allocated.

            01-31:    XX day of month (UTC)

            32-39:    Not allocated.

            40-59:    Reason for No Report / Incomplete Report

            40    Report not filed
            41    Incomplete report; full report to follow
            42    Ground equipment failure
            43    Observation delayed
            44    Power failure
            45    Unfavorable weather conditions
            46    Low maximum altitude (< 600m/1500ft abv ground)
            47    Leaking balloon
            48    Ascent not authorized for this period
            49    Alert
            50    Ascent did not extend above the 400hPa level
            51    Balloon forced down by icing condition
            52    Balloon forced down by precipitation
            53    Atmospheric interference
            54    Local interference
            55    Fading signal*
            56    Weak signal*
            57    Preventive maintenance
            58    Flight equipment failure (transmitter,
                     balloon, attachments, etc.)
            59    Any reason not listed above

            * Fading signals differ from weak signals in that they are first
              received satisfactorily, then become increasingly weaker,
              and finally become too weak for reception, while "weak
              signals" are weak from the beginning of the ascent.

    60-64:    Miscellaneous

            60    Unassigned
            61    Unassigned (Aerometeorograph report precedes)
            62    Radiosonde report precedes
            63    Unassigned
            64    Unassigned (Stability Index follows...000isis)

            65-69:    Doubtful (and Missing) Data

            65    Geopotential(Altitude) and temperature data are
                     doubtful between following levels: 0PnPnP'nP'n
            66    Geopotential(Altitude) data are doubtful between
                     the following levels: 0PnPnP'nP'n
            67    Temperature data are doubtful between the
                 following levels: 0PnPnP'nP'n
            68    Dew point depression is missing for reasons
               other than "motor-boating" between the following
               levels: 0PnPnP'nP'n (Not used when TnTn is
                     also missing)
            69    Unassigned

            70-74:    Not allocated.

          Code
         Figure   Definition
       ---------------------------------------------------------

            75-89:   Corrected Data

            75    Unassigned
            76    Unassigned
            77    Unassigned
            78    Corrected tropopause data section follows
            79    Corrected maximum wind section follows
            80    Corrected report for the entire report
               (first* and second* transmissions) precedes
            81    Corrected report of the entire first transmission
                     precedes
            82    Corrected report of the entire second transmission
                     precedes
            83    Corrected data for mandatory levels** follow
            84    Corrected data for significant levels** follow
            85    Minor error(s) in this report; correction follows
            86    Significant level(s) not included in original report
                     follow: //PnPnPn TnTnTanDnDn or PnPnPnTnTn
            87    Corrected data for surface follow
            88    Corrected additional data groups follow:
                     101AdfAdf .... etc.
            89    Unassigned

            90-99:

            90    Extrapolated geopotential data follow: PnPnhnhnhn
                     (dndndnfnfn)
            91    Extrapolated data precede *
            92    Unassigned
            93    Unassigned
            94    Average wind for the surface to 5000 ft MSL layer
                     and the 5000 to 10000 ft MSL layer follow: ddfff
                      ddfff (can be used in the Part A message)
            95    Early transmission of 850 and 500 hPa data and
                     stability index follows: 85hhh TTTaDD ddfff 50hhh
                      TTTaDD ddfff isis
            96    Early transmission of 850, 700, and 500 hPa data
                 and stability index follows: 85hhh TTTaDD ddfff
                     70hhh TTTaDD ddfff 50hhh TTTaDD ddfff isis
            97    Early transmission of 500 hPa data and stability
                    index follows: 50hhh TTTaDD ddfff isis
            98    Early transmission of 700 hPa data and stability
                 index follows: 70hhh TTTaDD ddfff isis
            99    Not to be allocated

            * Code figure 91 is used only in reports of dropsonde
               observations.

Unless both the stability index and the mean winds are
            missing, the Part A message always contains two special
            101 groups as follows:

        10164    Group that identifies stability index.
      10194    Group that identifies the mean winds.

      A 5-character group follows the 10164 which contains the
            encoded stability index. The value that appears in the
            coded message for stability index is interpreted as follows:

        Coding Stability Index

        Code    Meaning
          Value

    00-40    Stability index is 0 to 40
        51-90    Stability index is -1 to -40
        91      RH < 20% at either base or 500 hPa level or
                           calculation failed.
        92          RH is missing at the base level.

101-groups

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M vs. FT

Troubleshooting

Radiosonde CDU&RWS Signal Strength
BASELINE:	0 to -48
AFTER RELEASE:	-49 to -69
FLIGHT:	-70 to -111
SUSPEND:	-112 to -130

Frequency Selection Chart
	1676	1678	1680*	1682**
WHITE	UNCUT	UNCUT	CUT	CUT
BLACK	UNCUT	CUT	UNCUT	CUT
Dip Switch	OOOO	OO O O	OOO O	OO OO
* = 1st Release ** = 2nd Release

101-groups

Frequency
Settings

M vs. FT

Troubleshooting

Pre-flight Troubleshooting
No GPS SPS Failing to Initialize GPS, but no GPS Matches before release No TRS Control / TRS Initialization Unsuccessful


In-flight Troubleshooting
Signal Loss / Missing Data RWS fails to detect Release Antenna Not Tracking Properly GPS Loss MCU Overload with Rapidly Changing Angles Avoiding MCU Overload Errors through Launch Techniques