ENSO Information for Northern California

Series of Pacific Northwest Storms; Wintry Mix in the Northeast and Parts of the Mid-Atlantic

A series of Pacific storm systems will cross the Northwest U.S. this week bringing gusty winds, high surf, periods of heavy rain, and mountain snow. Another storm system will continue sweeping through the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic Tuesday with a wintry mix of snow, sleet, and freezing rain making for hazardous travel. Read More >

What is El Niño?

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is made up of both El Niño and La Niña and are periodic departures from expected sea surface temperatures near the equator in the Pacific Ocean. These warmer or cooler than normal ocean temperatures can affect weather patterns around the world by influencing high and low pressure systems, wind, and precipitation. El Niños occur irregularly, approximately every 2 to 7 years. There are three phases to this single climate phenomenon:

El Niño: A warming of the ocean surface, or above-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to become reduced while rainfall increases over the tropical Pacific Ocean. The low-level surface winds, which normally blow from east to west along the equator (“easterly winds”), instead weaken or, in some cases, start blowing the other direction (from west to east or “westerly winds”).
La Niña:A cooling of the ocean surface, or below-average sea surface temperatures (SST), in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. Over Indonesia, rainfall tends to increase while rainfall decreases over the central tropical Pacific Ocean. The normal easterly winds along the equator become even stronger.
Neutral:Neither El Niño or La Niña. Often tropical Pacific SSTs are generally close to average. However, there are some instances when the ocean can look like it is in an El Niño or La Niña state, but the atmosphere is not playing along (or vice versa). (credit: climate.gov)

How does El Niño affect Northern California?

In Northern California, there is little correlation between precipitation and most ENSO patterns. Southern California is generally much more impacted with El Nino conditions bringing higher than normal precipitation and La Nina bringing below normal precipitation to Southern California.

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It is important to keep in mind that most of California's major reservoirs reside across the northern and central parts of the state. For drought relief, it is critical that these area receive significant rain and snow through the winter. While there is a possibility that we could see significant rain and snow, it is not a certain outcome.

Series of Pacific Northwest Storms; Wintry Mix in the Northeast and Parts of the Mid-Atlantic

What Does El Niño Mean for Northern California?

What is El Niño?

How does El Niño affect Northern California?

What is the current ENSO status?

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