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Arctic Cold Front Impacting the Great Lakes into the Northeast

A powerful Arctic cold front will sweep across the Great Lakes today and into the Northeast early Thursday. Expect brief, intense bursts of heavy snowfall and gusty winds. Widespread strong winds will spread from the Northern Plains to the Great Lakes today and reach the Central Appalachians, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast by Thursday, where some blizzard conditions are expected in the Appalachians. Read More >

Overview -  Atmospheric River - November 20-23, 2024 

Early Season Atmospheric River Brought Record Breaking Rains and Strong Winds to the Bay Area

Event Highlights            

  • Bombogenesis Twice - Explosive cyclogenesis with 2 low pressures
  • Record Breaking low pressure -  942 mb (record is 943mb Oct '21)
  • Fujiwhara Effect on full display - two lows pinwheeling around a center pt
  • Storm Total - Over 20!" inches recorded in the North Bay 
  • 1000 yr event for Santa Rosa Climate Station 3 Day Total 12.47"
  • Many climate notables (see Climate Section)

The first major storm to impact Northern California this season brought a meteorological trifecta: a bomb cyclone, an Atmospheric River, and the Fujiwhara Effect.  These aren't "buzz weather terms", but real meteorological terminology. 

The dynamic weather began to show its hand on November 19 as an amplified jet pushing through Alaska headed southward to round the base of an upper level trough parked off the PacNW Coast.  The southward push of the jet max and favorable baroclinic zone helped kick off the explosive cyclogenesis, AKA "Bomb Cyclone". By the evening of November 19 the low pressure system bombed out at 942mb (see below). Not only were winds strong aloft, but lower levels of the atmosphere saw strong winds too. More specifically in a layer from 925-850mb.  This layer of stronger winds acted like a conveyor belt and pumped moisture rich sub-tropical air toward the OR/CA coasts.  In other words, the Atmospheric River was in full effect at this point.  Fast forward 24 hours, the initial low pressure system drifted slowly east and north as the second area of low pressure began to form to the southwest.  A second jet streak approached from the west, which helped to kick off another round of explosive cyclogenesis causing the newly formed low pressure to "bomb" out as well.  These two potent low pressure systems subsequently pinwheeled around a central point off the PacNW coast, which is know as the Fujiwhara Effect. The two swirling low pressures finally became "dislodged" due to jet stream movement. The eastward movement of the lows helped spread the Atmospheric River southward over the rest of the Bay Area and Central Coast.  On November 23, conditions finally improved as the cold front and associated Atmospheric River exited the region.

View the tabbed sections below to see impacts and other notable items with this event.

 

Composed by: MMehle


Absolutely remarkable surface analysis from WPC showing at 942mb off the PacNW Coast. To reach this pressure the low deepened over 60mb in 24 hours. Image valid: 03Z Wed Nov 20 2024

 

Satellite loop

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Satellite loop showing Bomb Cyclone off the Pac NW Coast. (Credit CSU/CIRA & NOAA)

 

Satellite loop

Atmospheric River taking aim at the West Coast. (Credit Wisc SECC)

 

Fujiwhara Effect

Computer model simulating the Fujiwhara Effect off the PacNW Coast as two low pressure systems rotate around a central point.

 

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