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Overview

Two brief tornadoes developed within a low-topped supercell on the southeast side of South Bend Sunday evening.

Tornado
Photos & Video
Radar
Environment

Tornadoes:

South Bend Tornado #1
St. Joseph County

Date	June 23 2019
Time (Local)	838 PM EDT
EF Rating	2
Est. Peak Winds	115-125 MPH
Path Length	2 Miles
Max Width	200 Yards
Injuries/Deaths	0/0
Summary: Public Information Statement A rare, low-topped supercell tornado caused significant damage to the Gulivoire park area of South Bend, IN on the evening Sunday June 23rd. The tornado only lasted about 10 minutes as it tracked 2 miles from south to north with a maximum width of 250 yards.

Track Map

Downloadable KMZ File

South Bend Tornado 2
St. Joseph County

Date	June 23 2019
Time (Local)	832 PM EDT
EF Rating	0
Est. Peak Winds	65-70 MPH
Path Length	0.5 Miles
Max Width	10 Yards
Injuries/Deaths	0/0
Summary: Public Information Statement A much weaker tornado developed immediately prior to the larger tornado that struck portions of South Bend.

Track Map

Downloadable KMZ File

The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale classifies tornadoes into the following categories:

EF0 Weak 65-85 mph	EF1 Moderate 86-110 mph	EF2 Significant 111-135 mph	EF3 Severe 136-165 mph	EF4 Extreme 166-200 mph	EF5 Catastrophic 200+ mph

Photos & Video

Header


Damage at the Growing Kids Learning Center in South Bend (NWS Storm Survey)	Damage at the Growing Kids Learning Center in South Bend (WSBT-Kristin Bien)	Damage at the Irish Hills Apartments in South Bend (WNDU-Ibrahim Samra)	Damage in Marshall County, IN (Jack Garner)


Damage along Ireland Rd near Ironwood in South Bend (South Bend Tribune- Robert Franklin)	Damage along Ireland Rd near Ironwood in South Bend (South Bend Tribune- Robert Franklin)	Damage along Ireland Rd near Ironwood in South Bend (South Bend Tribune- Robert Franklin)	Damage in Marshall County, IN (Jack Garner)

Radar


Radar from 735 pm EDT to 9:06 pm EDT.	Base reflectivity and velocity data at the time of tornado touchdown, 8:38 PM EDT	Radar image at 8:41 PM EDT. A well-defined velocity couplet is visible.	Radar image at 8:43 PM EDT. The tornado lifted a few minutes later at 8:48 PM EDT.

Environment

Shortly after 23Z (7 PM EDT) a broken area of non-convective (no lightning) low-topped showers developed over Starke, LaPorte, St Josephe and Marshall counties. This was in an area of weak low level shear (20kts) and < 1K j/kg surface-based CAPE. A narrow theta-e ridge advanced slowly east out of northeast IL late Sunday afternoon/evening and was evident in surface observations as a distinct moisture discontinuity. Otherwise, general warm advection (weak) overspread the area in the afternoon ahead of a strong southwest disturbance over western KS.


Figure 1: 5pm Surface analysis via the WPC indicating a warm front across the region and a low pressure system to our northwest.	Figure 2: WPC surface analysis at 8pm indicated a stalled warm front still draped across the region with a low pressure system to our northwest. This front likely helped to initiate the low level turning that forced the tornadic cell.	Figure 3: WPC surface analysis at 10pm indicated the warm front has moved north away from the region.

Near-storm environment summary.


Figure 4: Storm Relative Helicity at 8pm EDT indicating rotation in the area of the storm with the tornado	Figure 5: Effective bulk shear at 8pm EDT indicating rotation in the area of the storm with the tornado	Figure 6: Note the counterclockwise turning winds in Northwest Indiana at 8pm in the area of the storm with the tornado. This is a favorable environment for a tornado especially with surface vorticity and convergence in the neighborhood.

Additional environmental data.


Figure 7: Tornadic environments often need moisture and strong low level winds. A strong low level jet and a very moist atmospheric column is evident in this photo at the spot of the tornado.	Figure 8: Low LCLs are important for cells to produce tornadoes. This photo indicates that the LCLs were right around 1000m or in the upper limits for LCLs to form tornadoes.	Figure 9: Instability is another important ingredient in the formation of severe thunderstorms. Here, SBCAPE has risen to over 1000 J/kg in the area of the tornado.


Figure 10: 5pm Equivalent potential temperature indicating areas of warmth and moisture showing a drastic change across the area from little warmth/moisture to more warmth/moisture.	Figure 11: 8pm Equivalent potential temperature indicating areas of warmth and moisture showing more warmth and moisture has moved into the area.

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Snow Squalls Across the Great Lakes, Northern Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast; Severe Storms in the Southern Plains

EF 2 Tornado in Northwest Indiana