Echo TopsThe height above ground of the center of the radar beam using the tilt, or scan, that contains the highest elevation where reflectivities greater than 18 dBZ can be detected.Effective TopographyThe topography as seen by an approaching flow, which may include not only the actual terrain but also cold air masses trapped within or adjacent to the actual topography.HectopascalA unit of pressure equal to a millibar (1 hPa = 1 mb). Abbreviated hPa.MagnetopauseIn solar-terrestrial terms, the boundary layer between the solar wind and the magnetosphere.Overshooting Top(or Penetrating Top) - A dome-like protrusion above a thunderstorm anvil, representing a very strong updraft and hence a higher potential for severe weather with that storm. A persistent and/or large overshooting top (anvil dome) often is present on a supercell.
A short-lived overshooting top, or one that forms and dissipates in cycles, may indicate the presence of a pulse storm.Penetrating TopSame as Overshooting Top; a dome-like protrusion above a thunderstorm anvil, representing a very strong updraft and hence a higher potential for severe weather with that storm. A persistent and/or large overshooting top (anvil dome) often is present on a supercell.
A short-lived overshooting top, or one that forms and dissipates in cycles, may indicate the presence of a pulse storm. Radioisotope Snow GageA snow water equivalent gage based on the absorption of gamma radiation by snow; this gage can measure up to 55 inches water equivalent with a 2 to 5 percent error.StoplogsIn hydrologic terms, large logs, timbers or steel beams placed on top of each other with their ends held in guides on each side of a channel or conduit
providing a temporary closure versus a permanent bulkhead gate.StratopauseThe boundary between the stratosphere and mesosphere.TOPCloud TopTopographyThe shape of the land.
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