National Weather Service United States Department of Commerce
Overview
From the Nashville Republican Banner, January 9, 1843: 
"HEAVY SNOW. We have had remarkable changes of weather within the last five days. Thursday and Friday were as mild as May - we have known cooler weather in August. Friday and Friday night, copious rains - Saturday and Saturday night, snow to the depth of 12 or 14 inches (probably the deepest in Tennessee for the last 20 years) and now we have sunshine again, thaw and slop."

 

January 7-8, 1843 Snowfall Totals
Snow Total City State
12-14" Nashville Tennessee
12" Washington D.C.
12" Detroit Michigan
1/4"  Tuscaloosa Alabama
unknown Canton Mississippi
unknown Louisville Kentucky